Social Work Examination Services (SWES) Human Behavior Practice Test

Which theoretical framework emphasizes learning through observation and modeling?

1. Behaviorism

2. Cognitive Development

3. Social Learning

4. Constructivism

The correct answer is: Social Learning

The theoretical framework that emphasizes learning through observation and modeling is Social Learning theory. This approach, developed by Albert Bandura, posits that individuals can learn new behaviors and acquire new information simply by observing others. This means that a person doesn't necessarily have to experience reinforcement or punishment directly to learn; rather, they can observe the consequences others face and use that information to guide their own behavior. Social Learning theory highlights the significance of modeling and imitation, where individuals internalize observed behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions from others, especially role models or figures of authority. This process involves attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, which collectively facilitate learning without direct experience. In contrast, Behaviorism primarily focuses on how various stimuli and responses shape behavior, often disregarding cognitive processes and the role of observation. Cognitive Development concentrates on how thinking evolves through stages and interactions with the environment, while Constructivism is centered on how individuals construct their understanding and knowledge through experiences. These frameworks differ fundamentally from Social Learning, as they either prioritize concrete reinforcement and direct experience or cognitive processes over observational learning.