Social Work Examination Services (SWES) Human Behavior Practice Test

The role of object relations in psychoanalysis is emphasized by which theorist?

1. Sigmund Freud

2. Henz Hartmann

3. Carl Jung

4. Erik Erikson

The correct answer is: Henz Hartmann

The correct answer highlights Henz Hartmann's contributions, which emphasize the role of object relations in psychoanalysis. Hartmann, a key figure in developing psychoanalytic theory, shifted the focus from the intrapsychic conflicts predominantly emphasized by Freud to the importance of interpersonal relationships and the external social environment in psychological development. Object relations theory centers around how relationships, especially those formed in childhood, shape one's experiences, personality, and mental health. Hartmann's work underscored the significance of these early relationships with caregivers and how they serve as templates for future interactions, marking a trajectory towards understanding the relational aspects of human behavior. In contrast, the other theorists mentioned largely focus on different aspects of psychoanalytic theory. Sigmund Freud's work emphasized the drives and conflicts within the psyche, while Carl Jung centered on concepts like the collective unconscious and archetypes. Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development stresses the importance of social relationships through different life stages but does not specifically focus on the object relations aspect that Hartmann highlighted. These distinctions clarify why Henz Hartmann is the one who best represents the emphasis on object relations within psychoanalysis.